(2)Metros have already said it's Enough but Smaller cities keep saying "A little more" please !!

So guyz did you think over the last issue?
Do metros really need a pause or still it should be pumped up with the same intensity???
Recently it was announced that 3 new cities named Mahendragarh,Bhiwani and Bharatpur are further going to be submerged in Delhi NCR region..everyone of us must be aware of this news...
Real Estate started finding new opportunities,transporters,educationists everyone is busy in looking it's positive aspects....
but wait a minute here why it is going to be happened,did you give any pain yourself to even think about it??
Reason is none other than the population,density and ever growing migration of people from different areas across the country towards capital New Delhi...to reduce this load after Faridabad,Ghaziabad,Gurgaon,Noida,Greater Noida and this limit is going to be stretched further...
Here the Question is,In upcoming years how much more cities will be added to this NCR region in order to distribute the load and burden of the Capital Region?
Why our Central/state government is not interested in developing the smaller cities on the same pattern of metros like Delhi,Banglore or Mumbai?
This developement will provide not only better opportunities to the local people but will also stop the heavy migration towards Metro areas.This high population density in metros causing the ever rising rate of dearness and unemployment...
We people go to another places, taking their opportunities but nobody is even thinking about the great scope of fair shakes at their own native small places they came from...this mentality pushing us back like never before...and want to know the results?developed places are getting developed(ohkay thats very good) but what about those small places which is still fighting for the Tag of "Developement"
what the heck mates??when you will start thinking like that?
change your mind guyz and girls if you will not give a shit about these major tranformations then don't expect from others.We,the Youth are future of our country and we can together place these places forward so that our next generations get everything in their local areas whatsoever requirements they would have....
what is need of thinking about existing metros and to make them overcrowded when you can turn your local places into one of them...
So it ends here...after logging out this page just think once about this problem!
You will definitely get what I was trying to deliever....
your comments will be appreciated !

The " Plastic Effect "- Hazards This Time

its Wednesday today,3rd October...so first of all  belated Happy Gandhi Jayanti and Lal Bahadur Shstri Jayanti to all of you...

I am is here again with it's Fourth post....

tonight i am going to discuss the hazards from various kind of plastics and it's effect on environment and living Species...i have projected a brief factual file of Plastic(Classifications,Production etc.) in my last post...

http://youriota.blogspot.in/2012/09/the-plastic-effect-know-your-plastic.html
start with it's evil side this time...

Q:  How dangerous are plastics for human?

A: Aquatic birds and fish routinely becomes victims because although plastic does undergo some biodegradation, it doesn’t thoroughly break down. And plastics and their additives aren’t just present in our environment, virtually all of us ingest them as well; plastic is consumed with the food we eat, the water we drink and from other sources.
Two classes of chemicals from plastic are of serious concern for human health: Bisphenol-A or BPA, and additives used in the synthesis of plastics, which are known as Phthalates. BPA is a basic building block of polycarbonate plastics, such as those used for bottled water, food packaging and other items. BPA is a synthetic estrogen and commonly used to strengthen plastic and line food cans. Scientists have linked it, though not conclusively, to everything from breast cancer to obesity, from attention deficit disorder to genital abnormalities in boys and girls alike.

           Some polymers may also decompose into the monomers or other toxic substances when heated. In 2011, it was reported that "almost all plastic products" sampled released chemicals with Estrogenic Activity, although the researchers identified plastics which did not leach chemicals with estrogenic activity.

BPA controversy:

.BPA, is an estrogen-like endocrine disruptor that may leach into food.Research in Environmental Health Perspectives finds that BPA leached from the lining of tin cans, dental sealants and polycarbonate bottles can increase body weight of lab animals' offspring. A more recent animal study suggests that even low-level exposure to BPA results in insulin resistance, which can lead to inflammation and heart disease.
Adding to the health risks associated with BPA is the fact that other ingredients are routinely added to plastics. Many of these potentially toxic components also can leach out over time. Among the most common is a chemical known as di-ethylhexyl phthalate or DEHP. In some products, like medical devices including IV bags or tubing, additives like DEHP can comprise nearly half of the of the product. “If you’re in a hospital, hooked up to an IV drip"

As of January 2010, the LA Times newspaper reports that the United States FDA is spending $30 million to investigate indications of BPA being linked to Cancer.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, present in plastic wrap based on PVC, is also of concern, as are the volatile organic compounds present innew car smell.

The European Union has a permanent ban on the use of phthalates in toys. In 2009, the US government banned certain types of phthalates commonly used in plastic.

Q:  How dangerous are plastics for Environment ?
A:  Plastics are durable and degrade very slowly; the chemical bonds that make plastic so durable make it equally resistant to natural processes of degradation. Since the 1950s, one billion tons of plastic have been discarded and may persist for hundreds or even thousands of years. Perhaps the biggest environmental threat from plastic comes from nurdles, which are the raw material from which all plastics are made. They are tiny pre-plastic pellets that kill large numbers of fish and birds that mistake them for food.

Prior to the ban on the use of CFCs in extrusion of polystyrene (and general use, except in life-critical fire suppression systems;), the production of polystyrene contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer; however, non-CFCs are currently used in the extrusion process.


The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, also described as the Pacific Trash Vortex, is a gyre of marine litter in the central North Pacific Ocean located roughly between 135°W to 155°W and 35°N and 42°N. The patch extends over an indeterminate area, with estimates ranging very widely depending on the degree of plastic concentration used to define the affected area.

Plastic Photodegradation in the ocean

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch has one of the highest levels known of plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column. As a result, it is one of several oceanic regions where researchers have studied the effects and impact of plastic photodegradation in the neustonic layer of water. Unlike debris, which biodegrades, the photodegraded plastic disintegrates into ever smaller pieces while remaining a polymer. This process continues down to the molecular level.

As the plastic flotsam photodegrades into smaller and smaller pieces, it concentrates in the upper water column. As it disintegrates, the plastic ultimately becomes small enough to be ingested by aquatic organisms that reside near the ocean's surface. Thus, plastic waste enters the food chain through its concentration in the neuston.

Some plastics decompose within a year of entering the water, leaching potentially toxic chemicals such as bisphenol A, PCBs, and derivatives of polystyrene.

^{Because of the material’s longevity, plastics pile up in landfills and are occupying the world’s oceans in increasing quantity. Measurements from the most contaminated regions of the world’s oceans show that the mass of plastics exceeds that of plankton sixfold. Patches of oceanic garbage, called Gyres, are swirling vortexes of plastic bits. The North Pacific Gyre, one of several in the world, is expanding at such a rate that from the first time it was studied until now, it has grown from the size of the state of Texas to twice the size of the continental United States.  Halden Postulates:
Rolf Halden, Associate professor in the School of Sustainable Engineering at Arizona State University and assistant director of Environmental Biotechnology at the Biodesign Institute. Halden has undertaken a survey of existing scientific literature concerning the hazards of plastics to human health and to the ecosystems we depend on.his conclusions are pretty grim. Halden’s study reiterates the fact that the effects to the environment from plastic waste are severe.As Halden points out, annual production alone would fill a series of train cars encircling the globe. “We’re doomed to live with yesterday’s plastic pollution and we are exacerbating the situation with each day of unchanged behavior,” he said.                                 
                                            Halden explains, “the chemical that oozes out goes directly into your bloodstream, with no opportunity for detoxification in the gut. This can lead to unhealthy exposure levels, particularly in susceptible populations such as newborns.”}

Halden explains that although plastics have some beneficial and legitimate uses in society, their thoughtless misuse has led to a gravely unsustainable condition. “Today, there’s a complete mismatch between the useful lifespan of the products we consume and their persistence in the environment.” Prominent examples of offending products include single-use water bottles, Teflon-coated dental floss and cotton swabs made with plastic PVC sticks. All are typically used for seconds or minutes, yet will persist in the environment, sometimes for millennia.

Ultimately, developing petroleum-free materials for use in smart and sustainable plastics will become a necessity, driven not only by health and environmental concerns but by the world’s steadily declining oil supply. As Halden emphasizes, the manufacture of plastics currently accounts for about 8 percent of the world’s petroleum use, a sizeable chunk, which ultimately contributes to another global concern — the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

“We are at a critical juncture,” Halden notes, “and cannot continue under the modus that has been established. If we’re smart, we’ll look for replacement materials, so that we don’t have this mismatch–good for a minute and contaminating for 10,000 years.”


so the hazard part overs here...after a day or two i will be here with third and the last part of this PLASTIC EFFECT......So Meet you friends with the Last part of this Issue....
Till then Keep saving the Earth...Take care...
and yes please don't forget to comment on this Post...

                                   

SOURCES:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch
3. http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/publhealth
4. https://www.google.co.in/

The " Plastic Effect "- Know Your Plastic

Friends with my third post again here i am...

after reading my last two posts i hope you people would have been started saving papers...Ahhhaaann !!

Hey i am just kidding guys... :)

so do you know what is steaming tonight in my mind????  Guesses???  Yeahh??...okkhhaayy..

It is nothing but the material we people are using since decades...so what is that??

My friends that is Plastic...which is used on large scale in Domestic,Commercial and Industrial purposes...
so what say...shouldn't we take a sight on plastic and its "Plastic Effects"

Do you really think,you know about this plastic completely?
I don't think so !!        okkkhhaayyy....okkkhhaayy....

Let's check your Plastic knowledge then...

Q:   What Is Plastic???

A:   " A material made from petroleum capable of being molded, extruded or cast into various shapes "

 A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are modifiable. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural.

                                                      Did You Know   ? ? ? ? ?

 The word plastic is derived from the Greek " Plastikos " meaning capable of being      shaped or molded, from " Plastos " meaning  molded

Q : Categories of Plastic???

A : i would like to tell you,your Plastic has these several categorizations

you must be aware of them...so..here we go...

other used forms are....

• Polyester (PES) – Fibers, textiles.
• Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) – Carbonated drinks bottles, peanut butter jars, plastic film, microwavable packaging.
• Polyethylene (PE) – Wide range of inexpensive uses including supermarket bags, plastic bottles.
• High-density polyethylene (HDPE) – Detergent bottles, milk jugs, and molded plastic cases.
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – Plumbing pipes and guttering, shower curtains, window frames, flooring.
• Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) (Saran) – Food packaging.
• Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) – Outdoor furniture, siding, floor tiles, shower curtains, clamshell packaging.
• Polypropylene (PP) – Bottle caps, drinking straws, yogurt containers, appliances, car fenders (bumpers), plastic pressure pipe systems.
• Polystyrene (PS) – Packaging foam/"peanuts", food containers, plastic tableware, disposable cups, plates, cutlery, CD and cassette boxes.
• High impact polystyrene (HIPS) -: Refrigerator liners, food packaging, vending cups.
• Polyamides (PA) (Nylons) – Fibers, toothbrush bristles, tubing, fishing line, low strength machine parts: under-the-hood car engine parts or gun frames.
• Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) – Electronic equipment cases (e.g., computer monitors, printers, keyboards), drainage pipe.
• Polyethylene/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PE/ABS) – A slippery blend of PE and ABS used in low-duty dry bearings.
• Polycarbonate (PC) – Compact discs, eyeglasses, riot shields, security windows, traffic lights, lenses.
• Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC/ABS) – A blend of PC and ABS that creates a stronger plastic. Used in car interior and exterior parts, and mobile phone bodies.
• Polyurethanes (PU) – Cushioning foams, thermal insulation foams, surface coatings, printing rollers (Currently 6th or 7th most commonly used plastic material, for instance the most commonly used plastic in cars)

in the above picture it is advised to avoid  (1)PET, (3) PVC, (6)PS, (7)Others .


Q:   Properties of Plastic?

A:   The properties of plastics are defined chiefly by the organic chemistry of the polymer such as hardness, density, and resistance to heat, organic solvents, oxidation, and ionizing radiation. In particular, most plastics will melt upon heating to a few hundred degrees celsius. While plastics can be made electrically conductive, with the conductivity of up to 80 ks/cm in stretch-oriented poly acetylene, they are still no match for most metals like copper which have conductivities of several hundreds ks/cm.

Some facts :

1. Early plastics were bio-derived materials such as egg and blood proteins, which are organic polymers. Treated cattle horns were used as windows for lanterns in the Middle Ages.
2. In the 1800's the development of plastics accelerated with Charles Goodyear's discovery of vulcanization as a route to thermoset materials derived from natural rubber. Many storied materials were reported as industrial chemistry was developed in the 1800's.
3. The plastic material, parkesine, was patented by Alexander Park es, In Birmingham, UK in 1856. It was unveiled at the 1862 Great International Exhibition in London.
4. The first so called plastic based on a synthetic polymer was made from phenol and formaldehyde, with the first viable and cheap synthesis methods invented in 1907, by Leo Hendrik Baekeland, a Belgian-born American living in New York state
5. Plastics were the material pegged to change the world; and they have had an amazing impact. But for all the technology and convenience borne from the polymer family, untold perils are becoming realized as well.
   
6. The average American produces a half-pound of plastic waste every day; while around the world, 300 million tons of the exceedingly durable material are produced each year.
7. Electrical and Electronic equipment and Motor Vehicle markets together accounted for 58 % of plastics demand in 2003.
8. 200 million tonnes of plastic manufactured annually around world And consumption rate is 61.5 pounds of plastic per person per year.
9. With the growth in consumption, plastic production in India is likely to grow by 60 % to touch 12.75 million tonne by 2012, according to a industry body.

so that's all guyz.... I'll be back soon with the Effects of plastic...Do read it and get some time to comment on it...your suggestions are most welcome......

Keep tracking...
Take care of You and Our Earth...



SOURCES:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic
2. Medical Device Market Research. LLC, April 2004
3. Society of Plastics Engineers
4. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com